http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cum_hoc_ergo_propter_hocIntuitively, causation seems to require not just a correlation, but a counterfactual dependence. Suppose that a student performed poorly on a test and guesses that the cause was his not studying. To prove this, one thinks of the counterfactual – the same student writing the same test under the same circumstances but having studied the night before.
If one could rewind history, and change only one small thing (making the student study for the exam), then causation could be observed (by comparing version 1 to version 2). Because one cannot rewind history and replay events after making small controlled changes, causation can only be inferred, never exactly known. This is referred to as the Fundamental Problem of Causal Inference – it is impossible to directly observe causal effects.
Having paid close attention to the "Martin & Incognito" situation as it has evolved over time, most notably with the recent outpouring of sentiment from those closest to the situation (the Dolphins' players), my perception is that the people on the "outside" (the fans and the media) were quick to take the following two events:
- Jonathan Martin's leaving the team, and
- Richie Incognito's voicemail and text messages,
As in the quote I copied and pasted above, it's easy for us and the media to do what we call "counterfactual thinking" and construe that, had Incognito not treated Martin the way he did, Martin would not have left the team.
We can't be altogether certain of that, however. It's entirely possible that Jonathan Martin's reasons for leaving the team had nothing at all to do with Richie Incognito, and Martin is using Incognito's voicemail and text messages to "try the Miami Dolphins in the court of public opinion" and get them to pay the rest of his salary for the year, while he recuperates from whatever it was that drove him away from the team.
IMO Ben Volin wrote an excellent article in support of that idea here: http://www.bostonglobe.com/sports/2...ple-appears/ifzcI7AjapFF4rPbi3aF2J/story.html
At any rate, I think some serious reassessment of this situation is in order for everyone involved, including the fans and the media, who are likely making Richie Incognito's life a living hell right now, when that may in fact not be warranted in the least.
We need to step back to square one here and realize, IMO, that the cause of Jonathan Martin's leaving the team is to this day still unknown, and wait for the facts of the case to come out in due time.